Asia is a vast part of the world, stretching from arctic to equatorial latitudes. All types of climatic belts found on Earth can be found here.
General information about the climate in Asia
The formation of Asia’s climate is related to the physical and geographical conditions of the territory. First of all, it refers to the vast length from north to south and from west to east, the topography and the washed waters.
The amount of sunlight and heat varies with latitude. The higher north, the less sunshine and the colder the climate.
Asia has some of the highest mountain systems on Earth, which affect air circulation, so the climate is different from flat regions.
Air from the Pacific only affects a narrow coastal strip, because there are mountains in the east of Asia. Also the monsoon circulation prevents the air masses from the ocean to go further.
The Atlantic Ocean brings dry continental air to Asia, and the Arctic Ocean brings cold arctic air. As it enters the interior, it transforms into continental air.
The Indian Ocean only affects the southern part of Asia. The Himalayas prevent these air masses from passing over.
Subarctic Climate Belt
It extends in a short strip from west to east across the entire Asian part of Russia. It is located mainly in the West Siberian Plain. This is a zone of tundra and forest tundra.
The more eastern, the lower the temperature in winter. This is where the cold pole – Oymyakon – is located. The temperature can drop to -50° C. In summer, the temperature averages +10° C. On the southern border of the zone it is slightly higher. At the same time, the threat of short-term frosts in summer remains.
Precipitation in the form of snow and rain is frequent, but the total amount per year is small (up to 600 mm). A large proportion of precipitation falls in summer. The wetting coefficient is more than 1, so the ground is overwatered.
There is heavy cloudiness and constant winds blowing here. This is due to Arctic cyclones.
Temperate Climate Belt
It occupies the rest of the territory of the Asian part of Russia. Since the territory is vast, there are subtypes of temperate climate:
- Continental Sharp
- Continental
- Monsoon climate.
The territory of temperate climate is influenced by Atlantic air, which, moving eastward, becomes drier. The farther away, the more continental features are more pronounced.
The continental climate subtype is located on the territory of Western Siberia. Summer temperatures here are comfortable from +15° C in the north of the zone, to +25° C in the south. Winters are cold, around -20° C.
Precipitation varies from north to south. The total annual amount is about 500 mm. But the south of the territory already has insufficient moisture. Here begins the semi-desert.
The sharply continental subtype occupies the southern part of Siberia, as well as the mountain systems in southern Siberia. Dry air blows all the year here, so there is little precipitation. Does not exceed 500 mm per year.
Summer temperatures are +20° C, winter temperatures are harsh -30° C.
Monsoon climate subtype occupies the territory of the Far East of Russia. Monsoons blow to the ocean in winter, so precipitation is scarce. The weather is clear but cold, averaging around -25° C. In the summer, the wind blows from the ocean to the mainland and brings with it an abundance of rain. Most of them are cyclonic in nature. The air is warm, about +15 ° C. Up to 800 mm of rain falls each summer.
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